Establishment of a Marine Protected Area
Climate-smart MPAs and MPA Network
Climate Adaptation Effectiveness
Effective management of networks for MPAs to improve ecological integrity and climate resilience is increasingly recognized as key to effective coastal adaptation to climate change and Philippine socio-economic development (World Bank 2006; IUCN-WCPA 2008 as cited in USAID, 2017). Successfully managed MPAs such as Tubbataha and Apo Reefs, as well as municipal MPA networks like Dauin (Negros Oriental) and Camotes (Cebu) represent "bright spots" which show how effectively managed local networks of MPAs can be a "core" institution around which ecological resilience and social adaptive capacity can be built, with support from clusters of Local Government Units (LGUs). Limiting direct pressures through Marine Reserves gives ecological communities the best chance to develop and adapt to changing conditions in ways that maintain ecological function and structure (Roberts et al., 2017).
Climate Hazards
- Broad Climate Change Impact
- Extreme Heat
- Monsoon
- Ocean Acidification
- Ocean Warming
- Rain-Induced Flooding
- Sea Level Rise
- Sea Surface Temperature
- Storm Surge
- Tropical Cyclone
Locations
- Tabaco City, Albay, Region V (Bicol Region)
Adaptation Sectors
- Biodiversity
- Coastal Areas
- Ecosystem-Based Approaches
- Marine and Fisheries
CCET Instuments
- Action Delivery
Target Group based on Vulnerability
Basic Sectors:
- Artisanal Fisherfolk
- Watershed Communities
Evaluations
Economic / Financial Effectiveness
The SMI-MFR project was initially funded by Bicol University from 1995 to 1997 through its research and development funds, however, beginning in 1998 cost have been shared by the Tabaco City Government and Sagurong Barangay Council. From 1999 onwards, the maintenance and management of the marine reserves and sanctuaries has been funded by the City Council of Tabaco. The City Council provides regular financial support of between P 100, 000 and P 400,000 for its management. This allocation was used for sustaining the project. (Rivero et al., 2010, p.60)
Technical Feasibility
The establishment of MPA needed the support (e.g. technical assistance) of the Bicol University. Forty five percent (45%), or 470 out of 1035 respondents viewed that the coral cover are better, forty-three percent observed that the seagrass beds were better too and forty-two percent found that the fish catch had increased during the ten year existence of the MPA. However a higher percentage of respondents 45% did not know or had no knowledge of the status of the marine resources after the establishment of MPA or even the marine fishery reserve project on the island.
Social Acceptability
Ten years after the establishment of the San Miguel Island MPA, Rivero et al. (2010) conducted a study to gather the perceptions of the community on the MPA. The results of the survey show that 80% or 828 out of 1035 respondents agreed with the need to preserve the natural environment for future generation. Seventy four percent (74%) or 778 respondents had a positive response to accepting responsibility for protecting the coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. Likewise 73% accepted support for the protection of marine resources; further 48% were willing to contribute monetary assistance for the protection of marine resources. However, 31% slightly agreed but could not contribute monetarily but instead would render labor-service to protect the resources. Relative to the utilization of mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs as a source of livelihood, 54% of the respondents were not directly benefiting from the marine resources, however they were very much willing to contribute monetarily to safeguarding and managing of the marine fishery reserve sustainably. Eighty three percent (83%) agreed that MPAs are necessary for preserving the natural environment, and 77% confirmed that establishment of MPA increases fishers’ income while 28% stated that an MPA decreases income of fishers (Rivero et al., 2010, p.61). The San Miguel Island Marine Fishery Reserve also encouraged the nearby municipal councils (e.g. Tiwi, Albay) to implement an MFR project along their coast (Rivero et al., 2010, p.60).
Environmental Impact
Based on a study conducted in 1998, the San Miguel Island-Marine Fishery Reserve has a high coral cover of 62.58%. A little less than half of 1035 respondents in a survey conducted by Rivero et al. (2010) also perceive better coral cover and seagrass beds and increased fish catch. (45% of the respondents was not aware of the state of the marine resources).
Mitigation co-benefit
No mitigation co-benefits identified
Keywords
protect, marine resources, fish catch
References